Evaluation of the effectiveness of antiparasitic drugs associated or not with vitamin D in the treatment of Covid-19: an integrative review

Abstract

Objective: To verify and review the effectiveness of antiparasitic drugs (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, nitazoxanide and metronidazole) and vitamin D in the treatment of Covid-19. Methods: An integrative review study. Results: Both chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine did not prevent the need for supplemental oxygen, ICU admission, invasive ventilation, or death among patients with severe Covid-19. No clinically relevant results or significant effects on survival or hospitalizations were observed in favor of ivermectin. The use of nitazoxanide did not prevent hospitalization or help to speed up the resolution of Covid-19 symptoms. It was highlighted that metronidazole contributed to reduce the levels of some cytokines, however it did not interfere with oxygen saturation, length of hospital stay and mortality. Although higher rates of vitamin D deficiency have been found among severe cases of Covid-19, supplementation with this vitamin in therapeutic protocols still needs further studies. Final considerations: There is no consensus in the literature on the effectiveness of antiparasitic agents and vitamin D in resolving symptoms, reducing the need for mechanical ventilation, hospitalization time and reducing mortality from Covid-19.