Glaucoma in dogs: clinical approach, diagnosis and therapeutic management

Abstract

Objective: To systematize the clinical approach to canine glaucoma, emphasizing its definition, clinical signs, diagnosis, and primary therapeutic options based on selected literature. Literature review: Canine glaucoma encompasses a group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP), leading to potential optic nerve and retinal damage and subsequent vision loss. Clinical assessment includes investigation of compatible signs (acute and chronic), measuring IOP via tonometry, and a comprehensive ophthalmic examination; tests such as gonioscopy and ophthalmoscopy are essential for evaluating the iridocorneal angle and the optic nerve head. Management involves pharmacological therapies to reduce IOP and, in advanced stages, surgical interventions focused on patient comfort. Final considerations: Canine glaucoma requires early recognition and confirmation through specific diagnostic methods, primarily tonometry and ophthalmic examination. The reviewed literature emphasizes that in severe cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to provide pain relief and ensure quality of life.