Resumo
Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia e segurança do uso da cafeína no tratamento da apneia da prematuridade, considerando seus efeitos no sistema respiratório e no neurodesenvolvimento. Revisão bibliográfica: A apneia da prematuridade é uma condição comum em neonatos pré-termo, resultante da imaturidade do sistema respiratório e dos centros de controle da respiração no cérebro. Essa condição pode levar à hipoxemia, comprometendo o cérebro em desenvolvimento, além de outros órgãos, como os pulmões e o intestino. Se não tratada, a apneia pode progredir para falência respiratória. A cafeína é uma opção terapêutica eficaz, agindo como antagonista dos receptores de adenosina A1 e A2A no sistema nervoso central. Essa ação estimula o centro respiratório, aumenta o volume corrente e previne episódios de apneia, contribuindo para a estabilização respiratória desses recém-nascidos. Considerações finais: A apneia da prematuridade é um desafio crítico em neonatos pré-termo, com riscos à saúde respiratória e neurológica. A cafeína se destaca como um tratamento eficaz, estimulando o centro respiratório e prevenindo episódios de apneia.
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