Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar comparativamente os resultados da cirurgia robótica e da laparoscópica no tratamento do câncer retal. Métodos: Foram revisados 15 estudos publicados entre 2012 e 2024, utilizando os descritores “Robotic Surgical Procedures”, “Laparoscopy” e “Rectal Neoplasms” nas plataformas científicas PubMed, Scopus, e Web of Science. Resultados: A maioria dos estudos indicou que a cirurgia robótica proporciona benefícios como menor taxa de conversão para cirurgia aberta, melhor preservação das funções urinária e sexual, e recuperação pós-operatória mais rápida. Contudo, os desfechos oncológicos de longo prazo, como a sobrevida e a taxa de recidiva, mostraram-se semelhantes entre ambas as técnicas. Limitações como maior tempo operatório e elevado custo da tecnologia robótica foram destacadas. Considerações finais: A cirurgia robótica representa um avanço técnico relevante, sua adoção deve ser avaliada de forma criteriosa, considerando fatores clínicos, econômicos e estruturais. A necessidade de novos estudos multicêntricos, com maior tempo de seguimento e análise de custo-efetividade, é evidente para a consolidação das evidências atuais.
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