Keywords
Carbamates
Diagnosis
Cholinesterase
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the main diagnostic criteria for organophosphate and carbamate poisoning. Methods: This is an integrative review from the period 2018 – 2023, carried out in the MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS and SciELO databases, using descriptors: “Organophosphate poisoning”, “carbamates”, “cholinesterase” and “diagnosis”. Results: 16 articles were selected for this review. The diagnostic importance of evaluating cholinesterase levels for organophosphate and carbamate poisoning was realized, due to the enzymatic activity and the kinetic characteristics of inhibition. There are several possible enzymatic assays, the most commonly used being the Ellman method. Other substitute methods are the Worek method, RP-HPLC and modified electrometric. The differentiation between the compounds has therapeutic importance, as there is a suspicion of harmful effects from the use of oximes in carbamate poisoning. Thus, for differentiation there is the cholinesterase status, which also evaluates enzyme levels, and direct identification through urine and gastric lavage samples. The prognostic relationship between albumin and liver markers is also evident Final considerations: The additional use of the analysis of cholinesterase levels in the clinic is beneficial for the diagnostic and prognostic characteristics of cases of poisoning by organophosphates and carbamates. It is also necessary to differentiate between toxic compounds.
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