Keywords
Diagnosis
Dopamine
How to Cite
Copyright © | All rights reserved.
The journal holds the exclusive copyright for the publication of this article under the terms of Brazilian law 9610/98.
Partial reproduction
The use of parts of the texts, figures and questionnaire of the article is free, being mandatory the citation of the authors and journal.
Total reproduction
It is expressly prohibited and must be authorized by the journal.
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the diagnosis and repercussions of problems related to Parkinson's Disease (PD) and the role played by dopamine. Literature review: PD is a neurodegenerative disease, which, classically, manifests motor symptoms such as tremors, muscle stiffening, bradykinesia and postural instability. In addition, non-motor symptoms may be present such as cognitive decline, sleep disorders, depression and gastrointestinal disorders. Its cause is considered idiopathic, but it is associated with loss of dopamine-releasing cells in the substantia nigra of the midbrain, leading to depletion of this neurotransmitter, which plays a key role in the body’s motor functions. Early diagnosis and therapy are vital, but, at that stage, no test is sufficiently accurate, in such a way that symptom analysis and previous medical history are the determining factors for diagnosis. Final considerations: PD is a neurological disorder and is more frequent among the elderly. Despite medical advances, it is still an irreversible condition, for which the pharmacological management is based on replenishing dopamine, represented by levodopa/carbidopa, in order to stabilize the symptoms, although it does not prevent the unfavorable evolution.
References
ASSOGNA F, et al. Drug Choices and Advancements for Managing Depression in Parkinson’s Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol, 2020; 18(4): 277-287.
BANG Y, et al. Recent advances in the pathology of prodromal non-motor symptoms olfactory deficit and depression in Parkinson’s disease: clues to early diagnosis and effective treatment. Arch Pharm Res, 2021; 44(6): 588-604.
BEITZ JM. Parkinson’s disease: a review. Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition), 2014; 6(1): 65–74.
BRANDÃO PRP e GRIPPE TC. Impacto dos Sintomas não motores e qualidade de vida na doença de Parkinson. Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. São Paulo, 2017.
CHAUDHURI KR, et al. A não declaração de sintomas não motores da doença de Parkinson aos profissionais de saúde: um estudo internacional usando o questionário de sintomas não motores. Distúrbios do Movimento, 2010; 25(6): 704-709.
CHESLOW L, et al. Emerging targets for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease: examination of systemic biomarkers. Biomark Med, 2021; 15(8): 597-608.
DEUEL LM e SEEBERGER LC. Complementary Therapies in Parkinson Disease: a Review of Acupuncture, Tai Chi, Qi Gong, Yoga, and Cannabis. Neurotherapeutics, 2020; 17(4): 1434-1455.
DIRKX MF, et al. The nature of postural tremor in Parkinson disease. Neurology, v. 90, n. 13, p. e1095–e1103, 2018.
FILIPPIN NT, et al. Qualidade de vida de sujeitos com doença de Parkinson e seus cuidadores. Fisioterapia em Movimento, Curitiba, 2014; 27(1): 57-66.
GOETZ CG. The history of Parkinson’s disease: early clinical descriptions and neurological therapies. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 2011; 1(1): a008862.
GONÇALVES IG e SOUZA MCA. Abordagem geral da doença de Parkinson. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Científico, 2023; 44: e12557.
KEMPSTER PA, et al. A new look at James Parkinson’s Essay on the Shaking Palsy. Neurology, 2007; 69: 482–485.
LATIF S, et al. Dopamine in Parkinson’s disease. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 2021; 522: 114–126.
MARQUES DS, et al. Manifestações não motoras da doença de Parkinson. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 2023; 23(8): e13684.
MARTINS NIM, et al. Variáveis demográficas e clínicas como preditoras diferenciais de alteração cognitiva na doença de Parkinson. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 2019; 22.
MONTEIRO D, et al. Prática mental após fisioterapia mantém a mobilidade funcional de pessoas com doença de Parkinson. Fisioter Pesqui., 2017; 25(1): 65-73.
POEWE W. Non‐motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. European J of neurology, 2008; 15: 14-20.
ROCHA NP, et al. Avaliação cognitiva na doença de Parkinson: aplicando as recomendações da Movement Disorder Society em uma população com baixo nível de educação formal. Arquivos de Neuropsiquiatria, 2023; 81: 119-127.
SCALZO PL, et al. Caracterização da dor em pacientes com doença de Parkinson. Revista Brasileira de Neurologia, 2018; 54(4): 19-25.
SEZGIN M. et al. Parkinson’s disease dementia and Lewy body disease. Seminars in neurology, 2019; 39(2): 274–282.
SIMUNI T, et al. Baseline prevalence and longitudinal evolution of non-motor symptoms in early Parkinson’s disease: the PPMI cohort. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, v. 89, n. 1, p. 78–88, 2018
SOUZA RA, et al. Biomarcadores clínicos de sintomas não motores na doença de Parkinson. Revista Neurociências, 2021; 29.
SUNG S, et al. Parkinson disease: a systemic review of pain sensitivities and its association with clinical pain and response to dopaminergic stimulation. Journal of the neurological sciences, 2018; 395: 172-206.
TOLOSA E, et al. Challenges in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. Lancet neurology, 2021; 20(5): 385–397.
ZHAO N, et al. Quality of life in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2021; 27(3): 270–279.