Keywords
Prematurity
Caffeine
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of caffeine use in the treatment of apnea of prematurity, considering its effects on the respiratory system and neurodevelopment. Literature Review: Apnea of prematurity is a common condition in preterm neonates, resulting from the immaturity of the respiratory system and the brain's respiratory control centers. This condition can lead to hypoxemia, compromising the developing brain as well as other organs, such as the lungs and intestines. If left untreated, apnea can progress to respiratory failure. Caffeine is an effective therapeutic option, acting as an antagonist of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in the central nervous system. This action stimulates the respiratory center, increases tidal volume, and prevents apnea episodes, contributing to respiratory stabilization in these newborns. Final considerations: Apnea of prematurity is a critical challenge in preterm neonates, posing risks to respiratory and neurological health. Caffeine stands out as an effective treatment, stimulating the respiratory center and preventing apnea episodes
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