Keywords
Advanced diagnosis
Innovative therapies
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of prostate cancer and advances in diagnosis and treatment. Literature review: Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer in men, accounting for 29% of male cancer diagnoses in Brazil. It is located in the prostate gland, which is responsible for producing seminal fluid. Risk factors include advanced age, family history, and mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Diagnosis is made by digital rectal examination, PSA measurement, and Gleason score, which assesses tumor aggressiveness. In terms of treatment, the most important treatments are intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), which offers greater precision and lower toxicity, and image-guided radiotherapy, which increases therapeutic efficacy. In addition, robotic surgery in radical prostatectomy offers lower morbidity and better functional recovery. Final considerations: Prostate cancer has a high incidence and significant impact on men's health. Diagnostic and therapeutic advances, such as hypofractionated radiotherapy and minimally invasive surgical techniques, have contributed to better clinical outcomes, which highlights the importance of a personalized and multidisciplinary approach to ensure quality of life for patients.
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