Keywords
Ultraviolet Rays
Risk factors
How to Cite
Copyright © | All rights reserved.
The journal holds the exclusive copyright for the publication of this article under the terms of Brazilian law 9610/98.
Partial reproduction
The use of parts of the texts, figures and questionnaire of the article is free, being mandatory the citation of the authors and journal.
Total reproduction
It is expressly prohibited and must be authorized by the journal.
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the incidence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches related to cutaneous melanoma and its association with artificial UV tanning. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted in September 2023 using LILACS, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases, with the descriptors "melanoma," "risk factor," and "ultraviolet light," in Portuguese, Spanish, and English. Articles published between July 2009 and July 2023 were included. Results: Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with increasing incidence worldwide. Artificial UV tanning has been identified as a significant modifiable risk factor, particularly among young women and individuals with light skin. Early and frequent exposure to UV radiation significantly raises melanoma risk. Regulatory policies banning or restricting tanning beds have contributed to a reduction in incidence in some regions. However, clandestine practices and misinformation remain challenges. Public health campaigns promoting awareness of UV exposure risks have been effective, but further efforts are needed. Final considerations: The strong association between artificial UV tanning and melanoma underscores the importance of preventive strategies. Stricter regulations, enhanced surveillance, and educational initiatives are crucial to mitigating the impact of UV radiation on skin cancer incidence. Further research is necessary to evaluate long-term public health policies.
References
ARNOLD M, et al. Global burden of cutaneous melanoma in 2020 and projections to 2040. JAMA Dermatol, 2022; 158(5): 495.
BONIOL M, et al. Cutaneous melanoma attributable to sunbed use: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 2012; 345: 4757.
BRASIL. Estimativa 2020: incidência de câncer no Brasil. Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Ministério da Saúde, 2019. Disponível em: https ://www.inca.gov.br/sites/ufu.sti.in ca.local/files/media/document/estimativa-2020-incidencia-de-cancer-no-brasil.pdf. Acesso em: 23 de setembro de 2023.
BRASIL. Estimativa 2023: incidência de câncer no Brasil. Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Ministério da Saúde, 2022. Disponível em: https ://www.inca.gov.br/sites/ufu.sti .inca.local/files/media/document/estimativa-2023.pdf. Acesso em: 23 de setembro de 2023.
BRASIL. Resolução Nº 56, de 9 de novembro de 2009. Ministério da Saúde, ANVISA. Disponível em: https ://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/anvisa/2009/res0056_09_11_2009.html. Acesso em: 23 de agosto de 2023.
CARR S, et al. Epidemiology and risk factors of melanoma. Surg Clin North Am, 2020; 100(1): 1-12.
COLANTONIO S, et al. The association of indoor tanning and melanoma in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2014; 70(5): 847-857.
CUST AE, et al. Melanoma–role of the environment and genetics. Photochem Photobiol Sci, 2018; 17(12): 1853-1860.
DESSINIOTI C e STRATIGOS AJ. An epidemiological update on indoor tanning and the risk of skin cancers. Curr Oncol, 2022; 29(11): 8886–8903.
DIEHL K, et al. Trends in tanning bed use, motivation, and risk awareness in Germany: findings from four waves of the national cancer aid monitoring (NCAM). Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019; 16(20): 3913.
DORÉ JF e CHIGNOL MC. UV driven tanning salons: danger on main street. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2017; 1007: 335-346.
DZWIERZYNSKI WW. Melanoma risk factors and prevention. Clin Plast Surg, 2021; 48(4): 543-550.
FALZONE AE, et al. Teens, tweets, and tanning beds: rethinking the use of social media for skin cancer prevention. Am J Prev Med, 2018; 53(3): 86-94.
GARZONA LN e GARZONA GN. Uso de cámaras de bronceado y cáncer de piel. Rev Costarric Salud Publica, 2017; 26(1): 22-29.
GILL P, KALIA S. A qualitative analysis of Canadian indoor tanning policies. J Cutan Med Surg, 2019; 23(3): 265–269.
KARAPETYAN L, et al. Indoor tanning exposure in association with multiple primary melanoma. Cancer, 2021; 127(4): 560–568.
KRENSEL M, et al. Modelling first‐year cost‐of‐illness of melanoma attributable to sunbed use in Europe. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2019; 33(2): 46-56.
KWA M, et al. The risk of ultraviolet exposure for melanoma in Fitzpatrick skin types I–IV: a 20‐year systematic review with meta‐analysis for sunburns. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2024.
LOBO TC. Quanto custa tratar um paciente com câncer no SUS em 2016. Observatório de Oncologia, 2016.
LODDE G, et al. Malignes Melanom. Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Related Fields, 2019; 71(1): 63-77.
MARMOL VD, et al. Uso de espreguiçadeiras na Europa: hora da informação. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 2019; 33(2): 1-111.
MULLENDERS LHF. Solar UV damage to cellular DNA: from mechanisms to biological effects. Photochem Photobiol Sci, 2018; 17(12): 1842–1852.
NEWTON-BISHOP J, et al. Melanoma Genomics. Acta Dermato Venereologica, 2020; 100(11): 266-271.
NIKOLAOU V e STRATIGOS AJ. Emerging trends in the epidemiology of melanoma. British Journal Of Dermatology, 2014; 170(1): 11-19.
PAULSON KG, et al. Age-specific incidence of melanoma in the United States. JAMA Dermatol, 2020; 156(1): 57.
RAYMOND-LEZMAN JR e RISKIN S. Attitudes, Behaviors, and Risks of Sun Protection to Prevent Skin Cancer Amongst Children, Adolescents, and Adults. Cureus, 2023; 15(2): 34934.
SAGINALA K, et al. Epidemiology of melanoma. Medical sciences, 2021; 9(4): 63.
SCHADENDORF D, et al. Melanoma. The Lancet, 2018; 392(10151): 971-984.
SKILJEVIC D e SRECKOVIC L. Ultraviolet radiation exposure among Belgrade high school students: analysis of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. Journal Of The European Academy Of Dermatology And Venereology, 2019; 33(2): 63-75.
TIERNEY P, et al. Nine out of 10 sunbeds in England emit ultraviolet radiation levels that exceed current safety limits. British Journal Of Dermatology, 2013; 168(3): 602-608.