Keywords
Neuroplasticity
Brain
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Abstract
Objective: To understand the neurophysiological and behavioral changes that occur in the maternal brain during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, with a focus on neuroplasticity and its implications for the mother-infant bond. Literature review: Structural and functional changes have been identified in brain areas associated with empathy, social cognition, affective memory, and emotional regulation, such as the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. Neuroimaging studies show that these alterations are adaptive, enhancing emotional sensitivity and responsiveness to the infant. The review also considered the influence of neuroendocrine mechanisms—particularly the modulatory effects of oxytocin and estrogen—as well as contextual factors such as breastfeeding and exposure to stress. Evidence suggests that these neurobiological changes play a crucial role in establishing the emotional bond between mother and baby, promoting protective and responsive behaviors essential to the child’s healthy development. Final considerations: It can be considered that motherhood promotes significant brain reorganization, which can positively influence maternal behavior and child development, highlighting the importance of perinatal mental health support.
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