Keywords
Repair
Stem cells
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the regenerative potential of articular cartilage through tissue engineering, with an emphasis on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and biomaterials. Literature review: The literature highlights that MSCs possess high plasticity and chondrogenic differentiation capacity, making them promising for the regeneration of hyaline cartilage. Studies show that the microenvironment, the use of biocompatible scaffolds, and cultivation in bioreactors favor cell viability and functionality. Techniques such as the use of hydrogels, type II collagen, and hypoxic culture also contribute to a more efficient chondrogenic response. However, clinical application still faces challenges, such as controlling the inflammatory response and maintaining phenotypic stability of the cells. Reviews and experiments in animal and human models show advances in tissue engineering, but emphasize the need for methodological standardization. Final considerations: Therapy using MSCs combined with biomaterials is considered a promising approach for articular cartilage repair, although further clinical studies are needed to ensure its long-term efficacy and safety.
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