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Menopause as a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction
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Keywords

Menopause
Acute myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular diseases

How to Cite

Menopause as a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction. (2025). Revista Eletrônica Acervo Científico, 25, e22086. https://doi.org/10.25248/reac.e22086.2025

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Abstract

Objetivo: Analizar cómo las alteraciones hormonales y metabólicas asociadas con la menopausia influyen en la incidencia y el pronóstico del infarto agudo de miocardio en mujeres. Revisión bibliográfica: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares continúan siendo la principal causa de mortalidad a nivel mundial, siendo el infarto agudo de miocardio una de las manifestaciones más graves. Durante la etapa reproductiva, las mujeres presentan una protección cardiovascular atribuida al estrógeno, que actúa en la preservación de la función endotelial, la regulación del perfil lipídico y la reducción de la inflamación. Con la llegada de la menopausia, ocurre una caída abrupta de los niveles hormonales, pérdida de la protección estrogénica y un aumento significativo del riesgo cardiovascular, que se vuelve comparable al de los hombres. Además, la menopausia se asocia con factores clásicos como obesidad central, resistencia a la insulina, hipertensión arterial y dislipidemia aterogénica, los cuales intensifican la vulnerabilidad al infarto. Consideraciones finales: La terapia de reemplazo hormonal (TRH) desempeña un papel ambiguo: cuando se inicia de forma temprana, dentro de la llamada “ventana de oportunidad”, puede mejorar la función vascular, el perfil lipídico y reducir el riesgo de eventos cardíacos; sin embargo, su uso tardío se asocia con un aumento del tromboembolismo y del accidente cerebrovascular. Por lo tanto, la TRH debe ser indicada de manera individualizada y tras una evaluación cuidadosa del riesgo cardiovascular.

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