Keywords
Biomarkers
Protocols
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze current evidence on the early recognition of sepsis, highlighting the integration between standardized clinical protocols and laboratory biomarkers. Literature review: Sepsis remains one of the main challenges in intensive care medicine, with more than 48.9 million cases and 11 million deaths annually worldwide, accounting for about 20% of global fatalities. Delays in recognition and initiation of antibiotic therapy increase mortality risk by 7 to 10% per hour. Early diagnosis is hindered by clinical variability and the need to integrate clinical parameters, laboratory tests, and biomarkers such as lactate, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin. Technologies including point-of-care testing and high-sensitivity molecular methods accelerate pathogen identification and guide specific interventions. Physiopathologically, sepsis involves an exacerbated immune response, cytokine release, endothelial dysfunction, and microthrombi formation, leading to progressive organ dysfunction. Final considerations: The integration of clinical protocols, biomarkers, and rapid technologies is essential for early sepsis diagnosis and improved clinical outcomes.
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