Incidence of cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil from 2020 to 2024

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases in Brazil from 2020 to 2024, as well as to characterize the epidemiological profile of affected individuals. Methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective epidemiological study with a quantitative approach, using secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). Sociodemographic variables (sex, age, ethnicity, education) and clinical variables (clinical form, diagnostic criteria, type of entry, and evolution) were analyzed. Results: Between 2020 and 2024, 71,942 cases of CL were reported in the country, with a higher concentration in the North and Northeast regions. Prevalence was observed among males, young adults, and mixed-race individuals, as well as a higher occurrence among those with lower levels of education. The cutaneous form was predominant, and most cases resulted in cure. The Northern region presented the highest incidence rates, highlighting the influence of socio-environmental conditions and social inequalities on the persistence of the disease. Conclusion: It is concluded that LT remains endemic in Brazil, reinforcing the need for targeted public policies, continued epidemiological surveillance actions, educational strategies, and interventions focused on the social determinants of health.