Epidemiological analysis of gestational and congenital syphilis in regions of Brazil

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of gestational syphilis (GS) and congenital syphilis (CS) in Brazil, considering regional factors and the importance of prenatal diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Ecological study, with analysis of secondary data from 2014 to 2022, extracted from the SINAN and SINASC systems (DATASUS), covering the five macro-regions of the country. Prais-Winsten regression was used to assess temporal trends and calculate the Annual Percentage Change (APC). Results: The results indicate that between 2014 and 2022, 497,313 cases of gestational syphilis and 7,573 cases of congenital syphilis were reported in Brazil. An increase in incidence rates was observed in all macro-regions, with a more pronounced growth in the Northeast and North regions. The temporal trend indicated an expansion of the disease and persistent challenges in controlling vertical transmission. The analysis reveals inequalities in the incidence of gestational and congenital syphilis in Brazil, particularly in the Central-West and Northeast regions. Conclusion: Therefore, it is urgent to align regional public policies, expand health services, strengthen epidemiological surveillance, and promote actions for prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment.Parte superior do formulário.