Keywords
Gastrointestinal microbiome
Autoimmune diseases
Immunologic factors
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Abstract
Objective: Objective: To analyze the association between intestinal dysbiosis and autoimmune diseases, highlighting immunological mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Literature review: This is a narrative review that addresses the composition and function of the microbiota, as well as the factors associated with dysbiosis. Microbial imbalance compromises the intestinal barrier, favors bacterial translocation, and promotes low-grade systemic inflammation. Mechanisms such as activation of antigen-presenting cells, Th1/Th17 polarization, reduction of regulatory T cells, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and molecular mimicry are discussed, relating these processes to the progression of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Therapeutic strategies based on microbiota modulation are also analyzed, including probiotics, prebiotics, dietary interventions, and microbiota transplantation. Final considerations: The findings indicate that the intestinal microbiota is essential for immunological homeostasis, with dysbiosis being a determinant of chronic inflammation. Microbiome-based interventions show therapeutic potential, despite limitations related to individual variability and the absence of standardized protocols.
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