Abstract
The present work has as object of study the criminalistics, science for which expertise is performed. The question that is asked for this object is that what are its foundations and historical context, its emergence if it was due to knowledge or practical needs? Thus, as a theoretical reference, bibliographical surveys were made about the object of study and made to the due observations and added knowledge in the research. The bibliographic study provided a subsidy to deepen the knowledge in its historical context, evolution, concept of criminalistics, expert work and also about its application in contemporary times. Concepts by Garrido RG e Giovanelli A (2009), Braz JAC (2013) e Lino D e Mastunaga LH (2018) among others, were discussed. Finally, technical and conceptual analysis of criminalistics, which is often confused with criminology, is of utmost importance, despite being very similar, but with a different job, it concludes the importance of knowledge about criminalistics and its factors that can help in the work operational area agents.