Abstract
This article aims to discuss the reactivation of Chagas Disease in patients that underwent heart transplantation. This is a literature review in which the clinical manifestations of the reactivation are approached, as well as the diagnosis, monitoring and treatments debated in the literature studied. Therefore, it is assessed this particularity presented by the patient with chagasic cardiomyopathy and its influence on the prognosis after the surgical procedure. Due to the inexistence of treatment capable of reversing the evolution of the disease, as well as its poor prognosis and elevated rates of morbidity and mortality, the heart transplantation presents itself as a therapeutic option for the end stage of this chronic manifestation of Chagas Disease. The patients with Chagas Disease that undergo heart transplantation, besides facing complications inherent to the procedure, they encounter the possibility of reactivation of the disease after the immunosuppression necessary to avoid allograft rejection. The reactivation may happen because of an unbalance on the host-parasite relationship due to the immunosuppression and/or persistence of the protozoa in the explanted heart. Finally, it is emphasized the urge for more studies aiming at ascertain a more effective approach. We enhance the importance of the medical follow-up post-transplant with the purpose of precociously identify reactivation, which raises the chances of a better prognosis.