Abstract
This article aims, from a bibliographic review, to discuss the impact of Cochlear Implant (CI) in the rehabilitation of severe to profound hearing loss and the possible factors that interfere in the hearing evolution of those implanted in the postoperative period. In view of the complexity of the procedure, it is extremely important to discuss the subject, since the positive impact of improved communication and, consequently, socialization, is the basis for the indication for surgery. On the other hand, the negative impacts can be quite significant for patients, as well as their family nucleus, and may even lead to the contraindication of surgery. It is concluded that, despite the cochlear implant being the gold standard in the treatment of sensorineural deafness, there are several factors that impact the auditory rehabilitation of these patients. Therefore, its knowledge is essential to determine the risk-benefit of this surgical method as a treatment route for hearing loss, aiming not only to correct hearing loss, but also to provide quality of life to these individuals.