Abstract
This article aims to discuss how the imbalance between intestinal microbiome and the immune system contributes to the development of Crohn's disease (CD). The work is a literature review focusing on CD, which is part of the set of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Its pathophysiology is not yet fully understood, but it is known that it includes genetic, environmental and factors related to the host organism, such as those studied by this article: immune system and microbiome disposition. One of the roles of the immune system is tolerance towards the commensal microbiota, which in turn covers the epithelial layer and modulates the immune system. Once the integrity of the epithelium of patients with CD is affected, the change in permeability will allow the exacerbated entry of antigens into cells, which results in an intense immune system response and an imbalance in the mucus layer, related to tolerance for diners of the microbiome. However, the treatment of CD, based on the restoration of the microbiome and consequent inflammatory decrease, reiterates its significant relationship with the immune system.