Abstract
Objective: To present a history of vaccines, contexts, fears and consequences of not using them, origins and consequences of anti-vaccination movements. Bibliographic review: Vaccines are considered the best way to prevent infectious diseases. However, despite the achievements obtained by vaccination worldwide, a movement against the application of immunobiologicals has also emerged and gained notoriety, especially after the publication of results associating the triple vaccine with autism. This movement, known as the anti-vaccination movement, grows continuously and uses of information called “fake news”, which, driven by the lack of knowledge based on serious scientific studies on immunobiologicals and their many benefits, increase the potential for return of several diseases already controlled by vaccination. Final considerations: The importance of vaccines in the control of infectious diseases over the years is remarkable, as well as the advances related to the costs, effectiveness, efficacy and safety of immunobiologicals. However, anti-vaccination movements are continually growing and bring risks to the return of diseases that have already been controlled.