Abstract
Objective: Review and demonstrate methods for preventing complications of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, through interventions and treatments for glycemic control. Bibliographic review: The high glycemic index during the gestational period may culminate in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, which is caused by several factors, such as hormonal changes, in conjunction with the pregnant woman's life habits. Such pathology can lead to complications for the fetus if not diagnosed and treated early. It is noteworthy that the fetus can be born with various complications, the most frequent being fetal macrosomia, promoted by stimulating a greater production and secretion of insulin, due to the high supply of glucose to the fetus. Furthermore, it is evident that the mother may present injuries during childbirth as a result of macrosomia, in addition to a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, among others. Thus, there is a need for screening patients with gestational diabetes, in addition to a change in the pregnant woman's lifestyle (SEM). Final considerations: Prenatal care is considered of paramount importance for the screening, diagnosis and treatment of patients with gestational diabetes or pre-disposition to pathology, avoiding possible complications.