Abstract
Objective: To describe and discuss the main psychiatric syndromes that can occur in the puerperal period, identifying their most common causative factors. Bibliographic Review: The postpartum period, post-pregnancy period, includes a moment of sudden changes that include hormonal, biological and social changes, configuring a greater vulnerability for the appearance of psychic disorders. Among these, postpartum dysphoria, puerperal depression and puerperal psychosis stand out. Studies have shown that postpartum dysphoria was observed in 50-85% of women, being considered a physiological phenomenon that can interrupt baby care, increasing the risk of developing postpartum depression and also impairing child development. Postpartum depression has the same clinical characteristics a major depressive disorder, which can lead to social isolation, fatigue, mood instability, emotional inconstancy, crying and feelings of guilt and incapacity. Puerperal psychosis is the most serious form, considered a psychiatric emergency. Final considerations: Such disorders when underreported or untreated can have irreversible repercussions. In this context, it is necessary to reinforce the importance of welcoming and humanized care for mothers and their children, as well as the early diagnosis of these conditions.