Resumen
Objetivo: Describir la correlación entre la resistencia a la insulina y el desarrollo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Revisión bibliográfica: La enfermedad de Alzheimer es la forma más frecuente de demencia neurodegenerativa, caracterizada por la pérdida de células nerviosas y la destrucción sináptica, especialmente en áreas cerebrales asociadas con la función cognitiva, como el córtex cerebral y el hipocampo. La patología implica la acumulación de placas de beta-amiloide y enredos neurofibrilares formados por la proteína tau, comprometiendo el rendimiento neurológico y bloqueando las señales eléctricas. Los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 presentan resistencia a la insulina sistémica, lo que puede contribuir al desarrollo de la enfermedad en cuestión, ya que la resistencia a la insulina cerebral reduce la captación de glucosa por los neuronas, perjudicando la neuroplasticidad y la cognición. Las investigaciones buscan nuevas terapias, como las inmunoterapias, para evitar la neuroinflamación y la acumulación de proteínas. Consideraciones finales: La resistencia a la insulina en el cerebro dificulta la captación de glucosa por las neuronas, contribuyendo al desarrollo y progresión de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Las futuras investigaciones deben centrarse en estrategias terapéuticas que modulen esta resistencia para mejorar la prevención y el tratamiento de la enfermedad.
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