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Diagnóstico avanzado
Terapias innovadoras
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar las características del cáncer de próstata y los avances en su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Revisión de la literatura: El cáncer de próstata es el segundo tipo más común en hombres, representando el 29% de los diagnósticos de cáncer masculino en Brasil. Está situado en la glándula prostática, encargada de la producción del líquido seminal. Los factores de riesgo incluyen edad avanzada, antecedentes familiares y mutaciones en los genes BRCA1 y BRCA2. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante tacto rectal, medición de PSA y puntuación de Gleason, que evalúa la agresividad del tumor. En el tratamiento destaca la radioterapia de intensidad modulada (IMRT), con mayor precisión y menor toxicidad, y la radioterapia guiada por imágenes, que aumenta la eficacia terapéutica. Además, la cirugía robótica en prostatectomía radical ofrece menor morbilidad y mejor recuperación funcional. Consideraciones finales: El cáncer de próstata tiene una alta incidencia y un impacto significativo en la salud de los hombres. Los avances diagnósticos y terapéuticos, como la radioterapia hipofraccionada y las técnicas quirúrgicas mínimamente invasivas, han contribuido a mejores resultados clínicos, lo que resalta la importancia de un abordaje personalizado y multidisciplinario para garantizar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
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