Palabras clave
Gestación
Neurológico
Cómo citar
Copyright © | Todos los derechos reservados.
La revista posee los derechos de autor exclusivos para la publicación de este artículo en los términos de la ley brasileña 9610/98.
Reproducción parcial
El uso de partes de los textos, figuras y cuestionario del artículo es libre, siendo obligatoria la citación de los autores y revista.
Reproducción total
Está expresamente prohibido y debe ser autorizado por la revista.
Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la influencia de la nutrición materna durante la gestación en el desarrollo neurológico fetal, con énfasis en el impacto del consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados (AUPs). Revisión bibliográfica: Una dieta equilibrada, compuesta por macronutrientes y micronutrientes esenciales, es fundamental para la formación del sistema nervioso fetal, previniendo déficits cognitivos y enfermedades metabólicas en la edad adulta. Las gestantes con dietas inadecuadas, ya sea por desnutrición o por un exceso de calorías, pueden generar consecuencias adversas para el bebé, como bajo peso al nacer, deterioro neurológico y mayor riesgo de enfermedades crónicas. El consumo excesivo de AUPs durante el embarazo está asociado con problemas en el neurodesarrollo fetal, afectando la estructura cerebral y la función cognitiva. El exceso de grasas, azúcares y sodio puede inducir neuroinflamación, estrés oxidativo y desregulación hormonal, aumentando la susceptibilidad a trastornos como el TDAH y el autismo. Por otro lado, las dietas ricas en proteínas, hierro, folato y vitamina D favorecen un desarrollo cerebral adecuado. Consideraciones finales: La alimentación materna desempeña un papel determinante en el neurodesarrollo fetal, por lo que la orientación nutricional durante el embarazo es esencial para minimizar riesgos y promover la salud neurológica del niño a lo largo de su vida.
Referencias
BANERJEE RR. Piecing together the puzzle of pancreatic islet adaptation in pregnancy: Pregnancy and pancreatic islets. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2018; 1411: 120-139.
BERGER PK, et al. Association of prenatal sugar consumption with newborn brain tissue organization. Nutrients, 2021; 13(7): 2435.
BOEUF P, et al. Plasmodium falciparum malaria elicits inflammatory responses that dysregulate placental amino acid transport. PLoS Pathogens, 2013; 9(2): 1003153.
CERNIGLIARO F, et al. Prenatal Nutritional Factors and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Narrative Review. Life (Basel), 2024; 14: 1084.
CORTÉS-ALBORNOZ MC, et al. Maternal Nutrition and Neurodevelopment: A Scoping Review. Nutrients, 2021; 13: 3530.
CUEVAS-SIERRA A, et al. Gut Microbiota differences according to ultra-processed food consumption in a Spanish population. Nutrients, 2021; 13: 2710.
DE OLIVEIRA PG, et al. Impacts of consumption of ultra-processed foods on the maternal-child health: A systematic review. Frontiers in nutrition, 2022; 9: 821657.
EDLOW AG. Maternal obesity and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring. Prenatal Diagnosis, 2016; 37(1): 95–110.
FRERICHS NM, et al. Microbiome and its impact on fetal and neonatal brain development: current opinion in pediatrics. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 2024; 27: 297-303.
GAD EL-HAK HN, et al. Assessment of changes in the liver of pregnant female rats and their fetuses following monosodium glutamate administration. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2021; 28(32): 44432–44441.
IONESCU MI, et al. Nurturing development: how a mother’s nutrition shapes offspring’s brain through the gut. Nutritional Neuroscience, 2025; 28: 50-72.
LIN L, et al. Nitrate contamination in drinking water and adverse reproductive and birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 2023; 13(1).
LINDSAY KL, et al. The Interplay Between Nutrition and Stress in Pregnancy: Implications for Fetal Programming of Brain Development. Biological Psychiatry, 2019; 85: 135-149.
MCCOLL ER, et al. Impact of inflammation and infection on the expression of amino acid transporters in the placenta: A minireview. Drug Metabolism and Disposition: The Biological Fate of Chemicals, 2022; 50(9): 1251–1258.
MITCHELL AJ, et al. The influence of maternal metabolic state and nutrition on offspring neurobehavioral development: A focus on preclinical models. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 2022; 7: 450-460.
MORALES-SUAREZ-VARELA M e ROCHA-VELASCO OA. Impact of ultra-processed food consumption during pregnancy on maternal and child health outcomes: A comprehensive narrative review of the past five years. Clinical nutrition ESPEN,2025; 65: 288–304.
NAAZ A e MUNESHWAR KN. How maternal nutritional and mental health affects child health during pregnancy: A narrative review. Cureus, 2023.
PAULA WO, et al. Maternal consumption of ultra-processed foods-rich diet and perinatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 2022; 14: 3242.
PUIG-VALLVERDÚ J, et al. The association between maternal ultra-processed food consumption during pregnancy and child neuropsychological development: A population-based birth cohort study. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2022; 41(10): 2275–2283.
SHOOK LL, et al. Fetal brain and placental programming in maternal obesity: A review of human and animal model studies. Prenatal Diagnosis, 2020; 40: 1126-1137.
SZLAPINSKI SK e HILL DJ. Metabolic adaptations to pregnancy in healthy and gestational diabetic pregnancies: The pancreas-placenta axis. Current Vascular Pharmacology, 2021; 19: 141-153.
TALEBI S, et al. The association between ultra-processed food and common pregnancy adverse outcomes: a dose-response systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2024; 24: 369.
URBONAITE G, et al. The impact of maternal high-fat diet on offspring neurodevelopment. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2022; 16.
VIRDI S e JADAVJI NM. The impact of maternal folates on brain development and function after birth. Metabolites, 2022; 12(9): 876.
WECKMAN AM, et al. The impact of infection in pregnancy on placental vascular development and adverse birth outcomes. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2019; 10.
WHELAN K, et al. Ultra-processed foods and food additives in gut health and disease. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2024; 21: 406-427.
ZHU Y, et al. Central obesity increases the risk of gestational diabetes partially through increasing insulin resistance: Central obesity and gestational diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2019; 27: 152-160.
ZUPO R, et al. Processed foods and diet quality in pregnancy may affect child neurodevelopment disorders: a narrative review. Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023; 27(4): 361–381.