Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del ejercicio físico sobre la calidad de vida y el rendimiento físico de pacientes con cáncer de mama sometidas a quimioterapia. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, basada en la pregunta PICO: “¿Tiene el ejercicio físico efectos beneficiosos en pacientes con cáncer de mama sometidos a quimioterapia?” La metodología siguió seis pasos, con búsquedas en las bases de datos BVS, PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO Host y CAPES, utilizando los descriptores “Breast Neoplasms”, “Exercise” y “Drug Therapy”. Se incluyeron ensayos controlados aleatorios (2010-2025). Se excluyeron los duplicados y los estudios que no eran relevantes para la pregunta guía. Resultados: En la investigación se encontraron 11 artículos, la mayoría con Qualis A1 y procedentes de Estados Unidos. En los estudios, el 45,45% se realizaron con más de 150 participantes y los pacientes del grupo de intervención mostraron un aumento significativo de la fuerza en los miembros superiores e inferiores, mayor tolerancia al esfuerzo y mejora de la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria. También hubo una reducción en la fatiga reportada, además de mejoras en la movilidad y las actividades de la vida diaria. El grupo control no mostró cambios relevantes en los mismos parámetros. Consideraciones finales: El ejercicio físico, especialmente el aeróbico y el HIIT, ha demostrado ser eficaz para mejorar la condición física y el bienestar general durante la quimioterapia.
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