Palabras clave
Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina
Riesgo Cardiovascular
Cómo citar
Copyright © | Todos los derechos reservados.
La revista posee los derechos de autor exclusivos para la publicación de este artículo en los términos de la ley brasileña 9610/98.
Reproducción parcial
El uso de partes de los textos, figuras y cuestionario del artículo es libre, siendo obligatoria la citación de los autores y revista.
Reproducción total
Está expresamente prohibido y debe ser autorizado por la revista.
Resumen
Objetivo: Comparar la incidencia de enfermedades cardíacas en usuarios de cigarrillos electrónicos que contienen nicotina frente a no fumadores. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora basada en ensayos clínicos controlados, obtenidos de las bases de datos PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS), EBSCOhost, Elsevier y CAPES Periodicals Portal. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación Rayyan, siguiendo la Recomendación PRISMA y la escala de Jadad para evaluar la calidad metodológica. Resultados: Se incluyeron ocho artículos, de los cuales el 62,5% contó con una muestra de más de 100 participantes. Además, el 75% de los estudios presentaron alta calidad metodológica. Se observó que el uso de cigarrillos electrónicos provocó un aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca, una elevación de la presión arterial y niveles más elevados de nicotina sérica. Consideraciones finales: Los cigarrillos electrónicos provocaron un aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca y de la presión arterial, además de aumentar los niveles de nicotina en la sangre. Los cigarrillos electrónicos tienen una mayor prevalencia de causas de enfermedades cardiovasculares en comparación con los no fumadores, sin embargo, tienen menos repercusiones que los cigarrillos tradicionales.
Referencias
BARBER KE, et al. Endothelial Cell Inflammatory Reactions Are Altered in the Presence of E-Cigarette Extracts of Variable Nicotine. Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering, 2017; 10(1): 124-133.
BANKS E, et al. Tobacco smoking and risk of 36 cardiovascular disease subtypes: fatal and non-fatal outcomes in a large prospective Australian study. BMC Medicine, 2019; 17(128): 1-18.
BENOWITZ NL, BURBANK, AD Cardiovascular toxicity of nicotine: Implications for electronic cigarette use. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2016; 26(6): 515–523.
BENOWITZ NL, FRAIMAN JB. Efeitos cardiovasculares dos cigarros eletrônicos. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 2017; 14(1): 447–456.
CAPONNETTO P, et al. EffiCiency and Safety of an eLectronic cigAreTte (ECLAT) as tobacco cigarettes substitute: a prospective 12-month randomized control design study. PLoS One, 2016; 8(6): e66317.
CARNEVALE R, et al. Impacto agudo do tabaco versus tabagismo de cigarro eletrônico no estresse oxidativo e função vascular. Breast, 2016; 150(1): 606–612.
CHHOR M, et al. E-Cigarette Aerosol Condensate Leads to Impaired Coronary Endothelial Cell Health and Restricted Angiogenesis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023; 24(7): 6378-6396.
CIBELLA F, et al. Função pulmonar e sintomas respiratórios em um estudo randomizado de cessação de cigarros eletrônicos. Clinical Science, 2016; 130(21): 1929–1937.
CORNELIUS ME, et al. Tobacco Product Use Among Adults — United States, 2019. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 2020; 69(46): 1736–1742.
D'RUIZ CD, et al. Measurement of cardiovascular and pulmonary function endpoints and other physiological effects following partial or complete substitution of cigarettes with electronic cigarettes in adult smokers. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2017; 87(1): 36-53.
FARSALINOS K, et al. Effect of continuous smoking reduction and abstinence on blood pressure and heart rate in smokers switching to electronic cigarettes. Internal Emergency Medicine, 2016; 11(1): 85-94.
FETTERMAN JL, et al. Alterações na função vascular associadas ao uso de cigarros combustíveis e eletrônicos. Journal of American Heart Association, 2020; 9(9): e014570.
FRANZEN KF, et al. Cigarros eletrônicos e cigarros pioram a hemodinâmica periférica e central, bem como a rigidez arterial: Um estudo piloto randomizado e duplo-cego. Medicina Vascular, 2018; 23(5): 419-425.
GALVÃO TF, PANSANI TSA, HARRAD D. Principais itens para relatar Revisões sistemáticas e Meta-análises: A recomendação PRISMA. Epidemiologia E Serviços De Saúde, 2015; 24(2): 335–342.
GARCIA PD, GORNBEIN JÁ, MIDDLEKAUFF HR. Cardiovascular autonomic effects of electronic cigarette use: A systematic review. Clinical Autonomic Research: Official Journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society, 2020; 30(1): 507–519.
GEORGE J, et al. Cardiovascular Effects of Switching From Tobacco Cigarettes to Electronic Cigarettes. Journal of American College of Cardiology, 2019; 74(25): 3112-3120.
GUSENBAUER M, HADDAWAY NR. Which academic search systems are suitable for systematic reviews or meta‐analyses? Evaluating retrieval qualities of Google Scholar, PubMed, and 26 other resources. Research Synthesis Methods, 2020; 11(2): 181-217.
HAZARI MS, et al. TRPA1 e ativação simpática contribuem para o aumento do risco de arritmias cardíacas desencadeadas em ratos hipertensos expostos a gases de escape de diesel. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2011; 119(2): 951–957.
JADAD AR, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary?. Controlled Clinical Trials, 1996; 17(1): 1-12.
KLONIZAKIS M, et al. Medium-and longer-term cardiovascular effects of e-cigarettes in adults making a stop-smoking attempt: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Medicine, 2022; 20(1): 276-290.
MARGHAM J, et al. Composição química do aerossol de um cigarro eletrônico: uma comparação quantitativa com a fumaça do cigarro. Chemical Research Toxicology, 2016; 29(1): 1662–1678.
MOHEIMANI RS, et al. Sympathomimetic Effects of Acute E-Cigarette Use: Role of Nicotine and Non-Nicotine Constituents. Journal of American Heart Association, 2017; 6(9): e006579.
NGUYEN R, et al. Acute cardiovascular effects of 4th generation electronic cigarettes and combusted cigarettes: Implications for harm reduction. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2024; 136(2): 440–449.
NUTT DJ, et al. Estimating the harms of nicotine-containing products using the MCDA approach. European Addict Research, 2014; 20(5): 218–225.
OUZZANI M, et al. Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 2016; 5(1): 1-10.
RUEDISUELI I, et al. Arrhythmogenic effects of acute electronic cigarette compared to tobacco cigarette smoking in people living with HIV. Physiology Reports, 2024; 12(14): e16158.
SANTOS CMC, PIMENTA CAM, NOBRE, MRC. The PICO strategy for the research question construction and evidence search. Revista Latino-americana De Enfermagem, 2007; 15(3): 508–511.
SZOLTYSEK-BOLDYS I, et al. Influência da fonte de nicotina inalada na rigidez arterial. Przeglwe Leking, 2014; 71(1): 572–575.
TADIC M, CUSPIDI C, GRASSI G. Frequência cardíaca como preditor de risco cardiovascular. European Journal of Clinical Investment, 2018; 48(3): 1-7.
VLACHOPOULOS C, et al. Fumar cigarro eletrônico aumenta a rigidez aórtica e a pressão arterial em fumantes jovens. Journal of American College of Cardiology, 2016; 67(1): 2802–2803.
WANG TW, et al. E-cigarette Use Among Middle and High School Students - United States, 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 2020; 69(37): 1310–1312.
YAN SX, D’RUIZ C. Effects of using electronic cigarettes on nicotine delivery and cardiovascular function in comparison with regular cigarettes. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2015; 71(1): 24-34.
ZONG H, et al. Electronic cigarettes and cardiovascular disease: epidemiological and biological links. Pflugers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology, 2024; 476(6): 875–888.