Resumen
Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia y la seguridad de los inhibidores de Janus Quinasa (JAKi) con los DMARDs tradicionales en el tratamiento de la artritis reumatoide (AR) moderada a grave. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos electrónicas para seleccionar estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2025. Se incluyeron quince artículos que abordaron desenlaces relacionados con la actividad de la enfermedad, la progresión estructural, la adherencia terapéutica y los eventos adversos, analizados de forma crítica y sistemática. Resultados: Los inhibidores de JAK demostraron una eficacia comparable o superior a los DMARDs tradicionales en la reducción de la actividad inflamatoria y en la mejora de los resultados reportados por los pacientes, como el dolor y la fatiga. La evidencia también indicó beneficios en la prevención de la progresión estructural y una mejor persistencia en el tratamiento. Sin embargo, se observó una mayor incidencia de infecciones oportunistas, especialmente herpes zóster, y un posible aumento del riesgo cardiovascular en subgrupos de pacientes con factores de riesgo. Consideraciones finales: Los inhibidores de JAK representan una alternativa eficaz y relevante para el tratamiento de la AR moderada a grave, siempre que su uso se base en una evaluación individualizada y un seguimiento riguroso de la seguridad.
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