Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia clínica y el fundamento neurobiológico del uso de la ketamina asistida con psicoterapia en el tratamiento de la depresión resistente. Revisión bibliográfica: La depresión resistente al tratamiento (DRT) se caracteriza por la persistencia de síntomas depresivos tras el fracaso de al menos dos tratamientos antidepresivos adecuados, asociándose con deterioro funcional, sufrimiento emocional prolongado y aumento del riesgo de suicidio. Las terapias convencionales presentan un inicio de acción lento y son insuficientemente eficaces en aproximadamente un tercio de los pacientes, lo que evidencia la necesidad de intervenciones rápidas y efectivas. La ketamina, un antagonista del receptor NMDA, ha demostrado inducir una respuesta antidepresiva rápida a dosis subanestésicas administradas por vía intravenosa o intranasal, con efectos sostenidos durante días o semanas. La evidencia inicial sugiere que la ketamina puede reducir las recaídas, optimizar la funcionalidad y prolongar los beneficios, representando un cambio de paradigma al combinar la mejora rápida de los síntomas con un impacto positivo en la calidad de vida y la resiliencia emocional. Consideraciones finales: La ketamina asistida con psicoterapia se presenta como una estrategia prometedora para la DRT, ofreciendo un enfoque sinérgico entre farmacología y psicoterapia, con potencial para redefinir el manejo clínico de la depresión resistente y estimular el desarrollo de nuevas modalidades terapéuticas.
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