Palabras clave
Vacunas contra la COVID-19
Inmunización
Niño
Adolescente
Efectos colaterales y reacciones adversas relacionadas con medicamentos
Cómo citar
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar los eventos adversos supuestamente atribuibles a la vacunación contra la COVID-19 en niños, con énfasis en el perfil de seguridad de la vacuna. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora realizada mediante búsquedas en diversas bases de datos. Se incluyeron estudios originales publicados entre 2020 y 2025 que abordaron la vacunación contra la COVID-19 en la población pediátrica, centrándose en la seguridad de la vacuna y los eventos adversos. La selección se basó en la lectura de títulos, resúmenes y textos completos, y la extracción de datos incluyó la autoría, el año, el país, el diseño, la población del estudio y los principales hallazgos. Resultados: Se incluyeron dieciséis estudios, publicados entre 2021 y 2024, que abarcaron la población pediátrica. Los eventos adversos notificados con mayor frecuencia fueron leves y autolimitados, predominantemente manifestaciones locales y sistémicas transitorias. Eventos adversos graves fueron poco comunes y se identificaron principalmente en estudios de farmacovigilancia y grandes cohortes poblacionales. Consideraciones finales: La vacunación contra la COVID-19 en niños mostró un perfil de seguridad favorable, con una baja incidencia de eventos adversos graves. La heterogeneidad metodológica de los estudios y la dependencia de los sistemas de notificación constituyen limitaciones de la evidencia analizada.
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