Palabras clave
Embarazo
Estabilizadores del estado de ánimo
Desenlaces materno-fetales
Cómo citar
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar los desenlaces materno-fetales asociados al uso de estabilizadores del ánimo durante el embarazo, considerando aspectos farmacocinéticos, seguridad teratogénica e implicaciones en el neurodesarrollo infantil. Revisión bibliográfica: El embarazo en mujeres con trastornos afectivos, especialmente el trastorno bipolar, constituye un desafío clínico relevante, ya que exige equilibrar la estabilidad psiquiátrica materna y la seguridad fetal. Los cambios fisiológicos del embarazo modifican la farmacocinética de los estabilizadores del ánimo, afectando su eficacia y requiriendo monitorización frecuente y ajustes de dosis. Entre los principales fármacos, el litio, la lamotrigina y el valproato presentan perfiles de seguridad distintos. El valproato se asocia con mayor riesgo de malformaciones congénitas y alteraciones del neurodesarrollo. El litio, aunque relacionado con malformaciones cardíacas, presenta un riesgo absoluto menor de lo previamente descrito. La lamotrigina, por su parte, muestra un perfil más favorable. Además, la enfermedad psiquiátrica no tratada se asocia con peores desenlaces obstétricos, como prematuridad, restricción del crecimiento fetal y complicaciones neonatales.Consideraciones finales: El uso de estabilizadores del ánimo durante el embarazo requiere un enfoque individualizado y multidisciplinario, con monitorización estricta para garantizar el equilibrio entre la eficacia terapéutica y la seguridad fetal.
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