Palabras clave
Productos naturales
Compuestos bioactivos
Actividad antimicrobiana
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar el potencial terapéutico de productos naturales bioactivos con actividad frente a Treponema pallidum como posibles fuentes para futuras estrategias terapéuticas complementarias. Métodos: Revisión exploratoria en PubMed, ScienceDirect y Scopus, usando los descriptores “Treponema pallidum” AND (“bioactive natural products” OR “natural compounds” OR “plant extracts”), incluyendo tanto estudios in vitro como in silico publicados entre enero de 2005 y enero de 2025. El ácido ftálico (ácido 1,2-bencenodicarboxílico) fue el único compuesto aislado. Sus propiedades farmacocinéticas y toxicológicas se evaluaron con ADMETlab 2.0 y PreADMET, y la biodisponibilidad oral se estimó con SwissADME, generando radar de biodisponibilidad y modelo BOILED-Egg. Resultados: El ácido ftálico, de las flores de Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, presentó zona de inhibición de 24 mm a 10 μg/mL mediante difusión en pozo en agar. Entre los extractos vegetales, el acetónico de Odina wodier mostró mayor actividad antimicrobiana (MIC 0,78 μg/mL; MBC 1,52 μg/mL), seguido por Moringa oleifera y Curculigo orchioides (MIC 3,12 μg/mL). Consideraciones finales: Los productos naturales muestran potencial frente a T. pallidum, pero la predominancia de extractos crudos limita su aplicación clínica, requiriéndose estudios adicionales de aislamiento y seguridad.
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