Palabras clave
Plasmodium
Epidemiología
Factores de riesgo
Amazonia Brasileña
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Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre características sociodemográficas y ocupacionales y la ocurrencia de malaria según especies de parásitos en el estado de Pará, de 2020 a 2024. Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico observacional, analítico y cuantitativo de datos extraídos de SIVEP-Malaria. Se analizaron los siguientes: año de notificación, grupo de edad, sexo, raza/color, nivel educativo, ocupación y tipo de malaria. Las asociaciones se realizaron utilizando la prueba de chi-cuadrado y regresión de Poisson. Resultados: Se analizaron 119,999 casos positivos de malaria, de los cuales 86.2% correspondieron a vivax, 12.4% falciparum, 1.2% malaria mixta y 0.1% malaria no falciparum. La malaria falciparum fue más probable en los ancianos (RR=1.77). En individuos indígenas, la malaria mixta (RR=1.38) tuvo una mayor probabilidad. Entre los factores ocupacionales, destacaron la minería artesanal (RR=3,07), la tala de árboles (RR=3,05) y la minería (RR=2,22), mientras que las infecciones mixtas mostraron una fuerte asociación con la actividad minera artesanal (RR=4,66). Conclusión: Los diferentes tipos de malaria mostraron una distribución heterogénea en Pará, asociándose con la edad, la raza/color indígena y, principalmente, con la minería artesanal, la tala de árboles y la minería, lo que evidencia la necesidad de estrategias de control dirigidas a los grupos vulnerables.
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