Keywords
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) based on the main scientific evidence. Literature review: IBS is a chronic and multifactorial functional disorder, characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. Its pathophysiology involves dysfunctions of the gut-brain axis, visceral hypersensitivity, dysbiosis, and low-grade inflammation. Diagnosis is clinical, based on Rome IV criteria and exclusion of organic diseases. Management should be multidisciplinary and individualized, including traditional diet, low-FODMAP diet, soluble fiber supplementation, and careful use of probiotics and prebiotics. Pharmacological options such as antispasmodics, tricyclic antidepressants, and intestinal secretagogues are useful in refractory cases. Emerging therapies, such as gut-brain axis neuromodulation, psychotherapy, and fecal microbiota transplantation, show promise but still require stronger evidence for routine recommendation. Final considerations: The integration of dietary, pharmacological, and psychosocial measures in a patient-centered approach is essential for symptom control and improvement of quality of life.
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