Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar os desfechos materno-fetais associados ao uso de estabilizadores de humor durante a gestação, considerando aspectos farmacocinéticos, segurança teratogênica e implicações no neurodesenvolvimento infantil. Revisão bibliográfica: A gestação em mulheres com transtornos afetivos, especialmente o transtorno bipolar, constitui um desafio clínico relevante, pois exige o equilíbrio entre a estabilidade psiquiátrica materna e a segurança fetal. As alterações fisiológicas da gravidez modificam a farmacocinética dos estabilizadores de humor, impactando sua eficácia e demandando monitorização frequente e ajustes posológicos. Entre os principais fármacos, lítio, lamotrigina e valproato apresentam perfis distintos de segurança. O valproato associa-se a maior risco de malformações congênitas e prejuízos no neurodesenvolvimento. O lítio, embora relacionado a malformações cardíacas, possui risco absoluto menor do que previamente descrito. A lamotrigina, por sua vez, demonstra perfil mais favorável. Além disso, a doença psiquiátrica não tratada está associada a piores desfechos obstétricos, como prematuridade, restrição de crescimento fetal e complicações neonatais. Considerações finais: O uso de estabilizadores de humor durante a gestação exige abordagem individualizada e multidisciplinar, com monitoramento rigoroso para garantir equilíbrio entre eficácia terapêutica e segurança fetal.
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