Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de los programas educativos en la prevención de enfermedades neurodegenerativas, considerando el impacto de los hábitos de vida saludables en adultos de mediana edad atendidos en la atención primaria. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada en seis fases mediante la búsqueda de artículos publicados entre 2015 y 2025 en las bases de datos PubMed, BVS, SciELO y Cochrane Library. Se seleccionaron quince estudios siguiendo las recomendaciones PRISMA, analizados según criterios de elegibilidad previamente establecidos. Se utilizó la escala de Jadad para evaluar la calidad de los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y la lista de verificación de evaluación crítica JBI para los demás estudios. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudios demostró que los programas educativos multidimensionales, con duración superior a 12 meses y apoyo continuo, favorecen la adopción de hábitos de vida saludables y mejoran la función cognitiva. También se observó que barreras como la baja adherencia de los participantes y las limitaciones metodológicas impactan en la efectividad de los programas. Las intervenciones con enfoque integral y estrategias adaptables a las realidades locales fueron consideradas más efectivas. Consideraciones finales: Se concluye que los programas educativos aplicados en la atención primaria son eficaces en la prevención de enfermedades neurodegenerativas, aunque persisten desafíos como la heterogeneidad metodológica y la necesidad de intervenciones más prolongadas.
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