Emersão de casos de encefalite por Covid-19 na faixa etária pediátrica: uma revisão integrativa
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Jun 25, 2022
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Resumo
Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão integrativa visando esclarecer a prevalência dos casos de encefalite causadas por Covid-19 na faixa etária pediátrica, estabelecendo os pontos em comum permitindo elucidar a relação dessas duas patologias. Métodos: Foram avaliados um total de 375 artigos, por meio dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, permanecendo um total de 8 artigos detalhados em forma de tabela. Resultados: Foi identificada prevalência do sexo masculino (62,5%) e maior incidência entre 10 e 18 anos de idade. Maioria dos casos foram inicialmente conduzidos como encefalite, com posterior testagem e confirmação viral no líquor. Provando que os sintomas neurológicos podem representar os primeiros sintomas da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2, e devem ser levados em conta durante as avaliações clínicas. Considerações finais: Apesar do isolamento viral no líquor ser infrequente, é de suma importância a investigação do COVID em pacientes pediátricos com quadros neurológicos. Visando o diagnóstico precoce e melhor condução clínica do caso a curto e longo prazo e permitindo desfecho clínico positivo.
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Como Citar
SapucciC. M., & DanieliD. (2022). Emersão de casos de encefalite por Covid-19 na faixa etária pediátrica: uma revisão integrativa. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Médico, 11, e10535. https://doi.org/10.25248/reamed.e10535.2022
Seção
Revisão Bibliográfica
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Referências
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27. O’LOUGHLIN L, et al. A systematic review of severe neurological manifestations in pediatric patients with coexisting Sars-cov-2 infection. Surgical Neurology International, 2021; 13: 410–427.
28. PANDEY M. Acute meningoencephalitis in a child secondary to Sars-Cov-2 virus. Indian Pediatrics, 2021; 58(2): 183-184.
29. SÁNCHEZ-MORALES AE, et al. Neurological manifestations temporally associated with sars-cov-2 infection in pediatric patients in Mexico. Childs Nervous System – Journal, 2021; 37(7): 2305-2312.
30. SINGER TG, et al. Coronavirus infections in the nervous system of children: a scoping review making the case for long-term neurodevelopmental surveillance. Journal of Pediatric Neurology, 2021; 117: 47–63.
31. SINGH A, et al. Secretion of the chemokine interleukin-8 during Japanese encephalitis virus infection. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2000; 49: 607–612.
32. SIRACUSA L, et al. Neurological complications in pediatric patients with Sars-Cov-2 infection: a systematic review of the literature. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 2021; 47(1): 123.
33. URSO L, et al. The case of encephalitis in a covid-19 pediatric patient. Neurological sciences. Journal of the Italian neurological society and of the Italian society of clinical neurophysiology, 2022; 43(1): 105–112.
34. VENKATESAN A, et al. Case definitions, diagnostic algorithms, and priorities in encephalitis: consensus statement of the international encephalitis consortium. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2013; 57: 11-14.
35. VOLLONO C, et al. Focal status epilepticus as unique clinical feature of covid-19: a case report. Seizure – European Journal of Epilepsy, 2020; 78: 109-112.
36. WANG D, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Journal of The American Medical Association, 2020; 323: 1061–1069.
37. YOUSEFI K, et al. Viral meningitis associated with covid-19 in a 9-year-old child: a case report. The Pediatric infectious Disease Journal, 2021; 40(2): 87-98.
38. ZHOU Z, et al. Understanding the neurotropic characteristics of sars-cov-2: from neurological manifestations of covid-19 to potential neurotropic mechanisms. The Journal of Neurology, 2020; 267(8): 2179-84.
39. ZUBAIR AS, et al. Neuropathogenesis and neurologic manifestations of the coronaviruses in the age of coronavirus disease 2019: a review. Journal of The American Medical Association, 2020; 77(8): 1018-1027.
2. AHMED MU, et al. Neurological manifestations of Covid-19 (Sars-cov-2): A review. Frontiers in Neurology, 2020; 11: 518.
3. AGHAGOLI G, et al. Neurological involvement in covid-19 and potential mechanisms: a review. Neurocritical Care Journal, 2020; 34(3): 1062-1071.
4. ALEXOPOULOS H, et al. Anti-Sars- Cov-2 antibodies in the CSF, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and neurological outcome: Studies in 8 stuporous and comatose patients. Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, 2020; 7: 6.
5. BUNYAVANICH S, et al. Nasal gene expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in children and adults. Journal of The American Medical Association, 2020; 323: 24-27.
6. CHEN TH. Neurological involvement associated with covid-19 infection in children. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 2020; 418: 117-96.
7. CHERAGHALI F, et al. Case report: detection of Sars-Cov-2 from cerebrospinal fluid in a 34-month-old child with encephalitis. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2021; 9: 56-78.
8. COSTA BK, SATO DK. Viral encephalitis: a practical review on diagnostic approach and treatment. Journal de Pediatria, 2020; 96(s1): 9-12.
9. ELLUL MA, et al. Neurological associations of Covid-19. The Lancet neurology, 2020; 19(9): 767-83.
10. QUN L, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. The Lancet respiratory, 2020; 382 (13): 1199-1207.
11. FERDOSIAN F, et al. Encephalitis associated with covid-19 in a 7-year-old boy: a case report. Case reports in clinical practice, 2021; 6(6): 246-250.
12. FERREIRA AC, CORREA-RODAS M. Acute meningoencephalitis as initial presentation of sars-cov-2 infection in pediatrics. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2020; 39(11): 386-387.
13. GOMES I, et al. Sars-cov-2 infection of the central nervous system in a 14-month-old child: a case report of a complete autopsy. The Lancet Regional Health – Americas, 2021; 2: 1000-46.
14. GREGORY AD, et al. Regulation of systemic and local neutrophil responses by G-CSF during pulmonary pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Blood Journal, 2007; 109: 3235–3243.
15. GUAN WJ, et al. China medical treatment expert group for covid-19. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2020; 382: 1708-1720.
16. HAIDER H, et al. Covid-19 and the brain: acute encephalitis as a clinical manifestation. Cureus Journal of Medical Science 2020; 12: 107-84.
17. HEINONEN S, et al. Nasal Expression of Sars-Cov-2 entry receptors in newborns. Archives. Of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 2022; 107(1): 95-97.
18. HUO L, et al. Clinical features of sars-cov-2-associated encephalitis and meningitis amid covid-19 pandemic. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 2021; 9(5): 1058-1078.
19. KAMAL YM, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid confirmed covid-19-associated encephalitis treated successfully. The British Medical Journal – Case Report, 2020; 13(9): 237-378.
20. LI YC, et al. The neuroinvasive potential of Sars-Cov2 may be at least partially responsible for the respiratory failure of Covid-19 patients. Journal of Medical Virology, 2020; 92(6): 552-55.
21. MCABEE GN, et al. Encephalitis associated with covid-19 infection in an 11-year-old child. Journal of Pediatric Neurology, 2020; 109: 94.
22. MEHTA P, et al. Covid-19: Consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. The Lancet, 2020; 395: 1033-4.
23. MIRANDA HENRIQUES-SOUZA AM, et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in a Covid-19 pediatric patient. Neuroradiology Journal, 2021; 63(1): 141–5.
24. MIRZAEE S, et al. Focal cerebral arteriopathy in a pediatric patient with covid-19. Journal of Radiology, 2020; 297(2): 274–5.
25. MIZUGUCHI M. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood: a novel form of acute encephalopathy prevalent in Japan and Taiwan. Brain and Development Journal, 1997; 19: 81–92.
26. NUZZO D, PICONE P. Potential neurological effects of severe covid-19 infection. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 2020; 158: 1–5.
27. O’LOUGHLIN L, et al. A systematic review of severe neurological manifestations in pediatric patients with coexisting Sars-cov-2 infection. Surgical Neurology International, 2021; 13: 410–427.
28. PANDEY M. Acute meningoencephalitis in a child secondary to Sars-Cov-2 virus. Indian Pediatrics, 2021; 58(2): 183-184.
29. SÁNCHEZ-MORALES AE, et al. Neurological manifestations temporally associated with sars-cov-2 infection in pediatric patients in Mexico. Childs Nervous System – Journal, 2021; 37(7): 2305-2312.
30. SINGER TG, et al. Coronavirus infections in the nervous system of children: a scoping review making the case for long-term neurodevelopmental surveillance. Journal of Pediatric Neurology, 2021; 117: 47–63.
31. SINGH A, et al. Secretion of the chemokine interleukin-8 during Japanese encephalitis virus infection. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2000; 49: 607–612.
32. SIRACUSA L, et al. Neurological complications in pediatric patients with Sars-Cov-2 infection: a systematic review of the literature. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 2021; 47(1): 123.
33. URSO L, et al. The case of encephalitis in a covid-19 pediatric patient. Neurological sciences. Journal of the Italian neurological society and of the Italian society of clinical neurophysiology, 2022; 43(1): 105–112.
34. VENKATESAN A, et al. Case definitions, diagnostic algorithms, and priorities in encephalitis: consensus statement of the international encephalitis consortium. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2013; 57: 11-14.
35. VOLLONO C, et al. Focal status epilepticus as unique clinical feature of covid-19: a case report. Seizure – European Journal of Epilepsy, 2020; 78: 109-112.
36. WANG D, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Journal of The American Medical Association, 2020; 323: 1061–1069.
37. YOUSEFI K, et al. Viral meningitis associated with covid-19 in a 9-year-old child: a case report. The Pediatric infectious Disease Journal, 2021; 40(2): 87-98.
38. ZHOU Z, et al. Understanding the neurotropic characteristics of sars-cov-2: from neurological manifestations of covid-19 to potential neurotropic mechanisms. The Journal of Neurology, 2020; 267(8): 2179-84.
39. ZUBAIR AS, et al. Neuropathogenesis and neurologic manifestations of the coronaviruses in the age of coronavirus disease 2019: a review. Journal of The American Medical Association, 2020; 77(8): 1018-1027.