Neurological complications after cardiovascular surgery
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Abstract
Objective: To highlight the current scientific evidence regarding the main neurological complications of cardiovascular surgery. Bibliographic review: Cardiac surgeries have a high degree of complexity. Heart transplants appear in the ranking of procedures with major neurological complications; these changes represent an important cause of morbidity in the postoperative period, accounting for a large number of deaths. Studies point to an incidence of these complications, of different degrees and varying in severity, from asymptomatic changes incidentally found in imaging tests to significantly disabling complications and death. The most common changes can be transient psychological, such as attention and memory deficits, to more serious events such as extensive stroke. Other complications are also described in the literature, such as infections, medullary ischemia, peripheral nerve damage and cognitive deficits in general. Final considerations: It is notable that the multiplicity of existing neurological manifestations after cardiac surgeries, especially heart transplants, is wide, with ischemic stroke as the most common neurological complication after cardiac procedures. Detailed follow-up of patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery favors the reduction of rates of neurological sequelae.
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