An overview of bipolar disorder
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of Bipolar Disorder (BD). Bibliographic review: BD involves affective episodes of mania and depression as primary clinical symptoms along with symptoms of cognitive impairment, which together can lead to a general reduction in quality of life. In addition, the symptoms of bipolar disorder can exist on a spectrum with individuals exhibiting varying degrees of symptoms, and features of the bipolar spectrum such as increased motor activity, hypersomnia, hyperphagia, or irritability. Neurotransmitter imbalance, oxidative stress (OS) and genetic causes are some of the factors that have been associated with the pathophysiology of BD. Final considerations: Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental illness with significant burden for the individual, society and the health system. This disorder is often comorbid with drug use, anxiety disorders, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, increasing the risk of suicide. In this context, it is ideal that it be treated by a multidisciplinary team with pharmacological treatment and adjuvant psychotherapy. First-line drug therapy is lithium.
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