Factores que influyen en el deterioro cognitivo em personas mayores

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Fernanda Sampaio Santos
João Pedro Mendes de Souza
Natállia Gabriela Silva Gomes
Ariadne Cruvinel Silva
Bruna Marra de Carvalho
Constanza Thaise Xavier Silva
Léa Resende Moura

Resumen

Objetivo: Identificar los factores que influyen en el deterioro cognitivo de las personas mayores. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, con artículos publicados entre 2019 y 2022. Se utilizó como pregunta orientadora: “¿Cuáles son los factores que influyen en el deterioro cognitivo de las personas mayores?”. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en las bases de datos Publisher Medline (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) y Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) utilizando Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DECS) como Cognición, Factores Protectores, Factores de Riesgo, Salud del Anciano y el operador booleano “AND”. Resultados: Los mecanismos involucrados en el deterioro cognitivo están orientados por tres ejes principales: hábitos de vida, educación y salud mental, destacando los factores de protección y los de potenciación del declive entre ellos. Por lo tanto, las personas mayores con vínculos sociales efectivos, niveles más altos de educación, integración en la sociedad a través del ocio y el uso de Internet, la práctica de hábitos de vida saludables y la ausencia de trastornos psíquicos muestran un mejor rendimiento cognitivo. Sin embargo, cada factor perjudicial adicional añadido acentúa proporcionalmente el deterioro cognitivo. Conclusión: Los factores que afectan la cognición de las personas mayores actúan de manera sinérgica y están relacionados con las condiciones sociales, culturales de la población de personas mayores.

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Cómo citar
SantosF. S., SouzaJ. P. M. de, GomesN. G. S., SilvaA. C., CarvalhoB. M. de, SilvaC. T. X., & MouraL. R. (2024). Factores que influyen en el deterioro cognitivo em personas mayores. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Médico, 24, e15927. https://doi.org/10.25248/reamed.e15927.2024
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