El efecto de la práctica regular de actividad física em la reducción de la depresión posparto
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de la actividad física regular en la reducción de la depresión posparto (DPP). Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integrativa realizada en las bases de datos del Virtual Health Library (VHL) y de la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (PubMed). Se utilizaron los descriptores “Depression, Postpartum” y “exercise”, utilizando el operador booleano “AND”. Se incluyeron artículos cuyos estudios fueran del tipo ensayo clínico, ensayo clínico controlado o estudio observacional, en inglés, con texto completo y publicados en los últimos 5 años (2018-2023). Resultados: De los 19 artículos seleccionados, 12 encontraron una relación inversa entre la práctica regular de actividad física y la DPP. Se demostró que la práctica de ejercicios regularmente durante el embarazo y después del parto por parte de las mujeres embarazadas y puérperas disminuyó la incidencia de DPP y redujo sus síntomas. 7 estudios seleccionados no observaron esta relación, sin embargo hubo limitaciones como la reducción de la adherencia a las intervenciones propuestas y la posibilidad de que las embarazadas consideradas activas no fueran suficientemente activas en los estudios observacionales. Consideraciones finales: Se considera que la práctica de actividad física regular tiene un efecto preventivo y terapéutico eficaz en la reducción de la DPP, constituyendo una intervención eficaz y segura en su manejo.
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