Surgery for damage control
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Abstract
Objective: To review on this crucial technique, analyzing its evolution, indications, protocols, and impact on the outcomes of patients with abdominal trauma and polytrauma, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date view of its role in improving care in emergency situations. Literature Review: Abdominal traumas can be divided into closed or penetrating, affecting organs such as the spleen, liver, and small intestine. In cases of polytrauma, which often involve multiple injuries, multidisciplinary care is essential, and surgery for damage control is a proven protocol to improve the chances of survival. The term "damage control," which originated in the navy, is adopted in medicine for temporary procedures that restore the patient's physiological stability before definitive surgery. This technique consists of three main steps: identification of the patient, primary interventions to control hemorrhage and coagulation, followed by intensive care to stabilize the patient and, finally, definitive treatment and reconstruction. Final considerations: Damage control surgery has emerged as a crucial intervention in the management of patients with abdominal trauma and polytrauma. Its application has been widely recognized for improving outcomes in emergency situations, offering an effective and multidisciplinary approach to preserve life and ensure the physiological stability of the patient.
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