Lesões neonatais em parto operatório com uso de diferentes tipos de fórceps
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Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar as principais lesões neonatais causadas pelo uso dos diferentes tipos de fórceps em partos. Métodos: Foi realizada busca por trabalhos prévios nas plataformas PubMed e Portal Regional da BVS, um total de 28 artigos foram incluídos após aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: Pelos estudos analisados, observou-se que fórceps, quando comparado a vácuo-extrator, apresenta menor risco de lesões neonatais de tecidos moles, cefalohematomas e icterícia. Contudo, lesões fetais faciais ocorrem mais quando há utilização de fórceps. Além disso, o fórceps Kielland se destaca como método mais eficaz e seguro dentre os demais instrumentos e o uso de fórceps Naegele também mostra grande sucesso. As complicações encontradas incluem: distocia de ombros, convulsões, baixo Apgar, hemorragia subgaleal, hemorragia intracraniana, lesão do nervo facial, hidrocefalia, lesão do plexo braquial, hemorragia vítrea, entre outras. Considerações finais: Há muitos estudos comparando uso de fórceps e de outros instrumentos de auxílio ao parto, no que diz respeito às lesões fetais, porém faltam estudos que tragam comparações entre os diversos tipos de fórceps, de forma a detalhar as lesões neonatais causadas com maior frequência por cada um deles.
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