Tratamento cirúrgico versus clínico para pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e obesidade leve a grave
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Resumo
Objetivo: Comparar o tratamento cirúrgico versus clínico para pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) e obesidade leve a grave. Avaliando os benefícios das duas modalidades terapêuticas e buscando responder qual traz mudanças mais significativas nos parâmetros da DM2. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Foram utilizados os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): “cirurgia bariátrica”, “diabetes mellitus”, “resultado de tratamento”. Os critérios de inclusão foram texto completo gratuito, ensaio clínico, teste controlado e aleatório, publicados em inglês, português e espanhol no intervalo de 2014 a 2024. Resultados: Foram incluídos 12 ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECRs) relativos a 1049 pacientes, sendo 474 submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico metabólico e 575 a tratamento clínico isolado, associado ou não a mudança no estilo de vida. O seguimento variou de 12 a 60 meses. Considerações finais: O tratamento cirúrgico metabólico é superior ao tratamento clínico para remissão de DM2 a curto e longo prazo quanto aos benefícios nas condições metabólicas e fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Conduto, essa superioridade está associada principalmentea redução da obesidade, a qual é muito mais intensa no grupo de tratamento cirúrgico.
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