Riscos da utilização do zolpidem para tratamento da insônia em idosos e suas alternativas terapêuticas
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Resumo
Objetivo: analisar os riscos da utilização do zolpidem em idosos e avaliar a existência de eventuais alternativas terapêuticas eficazes. Métodos: trata-se de abordagem qualitativa, retrospectiva e transversal, executada por meio de revisão integrativa de literatura extraída das bases de dados: National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). A busca se fez pelos descritores “elderly”, “zolpidem” e “effects”, utilizando o operador booleano “AND”. Foram incluídos artigos publicados nos últimos 5 anos (2018-2023), textos completos, do tipo ensaio clínico controlado. Foram excluídos os duplicados e os fora do tema, resultando em 26 artigos. Resultados: apesar da eficácia terapêutica, os estudos demonstraram graves efeitos adversos no uso do zolpidem, em idosos, estando relacionado a maiores índices de quedas, de fraturas e de fadiga diurna, podendo causar dependência e risco aumentado de suicídio, quando combinado com opioides e benzodiazepínicos. Considerações finais: considera-se que deve ser desencorajado o uso do zolpidem no tratamento da insônia em idosos, devido aos graves efeitos adversos que pode causar nesta população, devendo ser priorizada outra alternativa terapêutica e, em último caso, haver especial cautela no uso em idosos.
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