Abordagens terapêuticas no manejo de problemas mentais em adultos na atenção primária: eficácia de intervenções farmacológicas e não farmacológicas
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Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar e comparar a eficácia das diferentes abordagens farmacológicas e não farmacológicas utilizadas no tratamento de problemas mentais em adultos, com foco em contextos ambulatoriais e de atenção primária Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada através das bases PubMED, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Periódico CAPES, usando os descritores: “Anxiety Disorders”, “Therapeutics”, “Adults” e “Primary Health Care” e obtendo o truncamento de pesquisa: (Anxiety Disorders) AND (Therapeutics) AND (Adults) AND (Primary Health Care). Foram encontrados 2.660 artigos, filtrados conforme critérios de inclusão (idiomas português, inglês e espanhol; período de 2020 a 2025; artigos completos) e exclusão (artigos duplicados, resumos, fora do escopo). Resultados: A eficácia de intervenções não farmacológicas (digitais, mindfulness) para saúde mental na atenção primária é crescente, valorizando a autonomia do paciente e o baixo custo. Fatores como a pressão por alívio rápido e o acesso limitado a terapias modulam o uso de fármacos, incluindo o desafio dos benzodiazepínicos e o potencial de alternativas como o CBD. Considerações finais: A implementação bem-sucedida de qualquer abordagem depende de superar barreiras de aceitabilidade, viabilidade tecnológica e integração sistêmica, além da capacitação profissional.
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