General approach to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): a narrative review
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Abstract
Objective: This study aims to report the updated approach to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bibliographic review: COPD is based on the progressive restriction of pulmonary airflow caused by an abnormal inflammatory response. The consequence of that inflammation is reduced lung elasticity, dyspnea, wheezing, mucus, cough, and lung hyperinflation. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease is defined as a genetic condition, but when tobacco exposure is considered, this can be a determining factor in the health-disease process. In addition, prolonged inhalation of biomass burning can cause health damage. Diagnosis is made in the presence of risk factors for the disease, chronic respiratory signs and symptoms, and persistent airflow limitation documented by spirometry. The treatment is based on the immediate cessation of smoking associated with drugs that act directly on the patient’s airflow. Final considerations: COPD is a disabling lung disease that affects primarily the patient's daily life. Its pathogenesis is linked to the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines that triggers the typical symptoms of COPD, which are associated with complementary tests to diagnose and treat the disease.
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