Fecal Occult-Blood Test (FOBT) and colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening

Abstract

Objective: To identify the appropriate age, risk factors and symptoms that indicate screening and the best test in view of the presented clinic.  Methods: This is an integrative bibliographic research with a qualitative and descriptive approach. Data were collected from the Virtual Health Library and National Library of Medicine databases.  The search was performed using the descriptors ''feccal occult blod test'', ''colonoscopy'', ''colorectal cancer'' and ''screening'' using the ''and'' operator in English and are found in the Descriptors of Health Science.  Journal article, clinical trial and time frame from 2019 to 2021 were used. Off-topic articles, systematic review, paid texts and duplicate articles were excluded. Results: Colorectal cancer screening is indicated for individuals between 45 and 75 years old, regardless of symptoms, and the method of choice is indicated according to the classification of medium or high risk.  Colonoscopy is the gold standard, but the low cost and non-invasiveness make PSOF a good method.  Symptoms are virtually non-existent and may manifest as the disease progresses. Final considerations: It is considered, therefore, that early diagnosis based on screening leads to a reduction in mortality.