Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Abstract

Objective: To address the main surgical techniques used in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and their recommendations, restrictions, complications and current trends. Bibliographic review: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common clinical problem. Its etiology is multifactorial, but it essentially depends on the integrity of the anti-reflux barrier, with its anatomical and functional components. One of the factors that stands out in this disease is the disorder of the lower esophageal sphincter. GERD is a chronic condition that develops when the reflux of gastric contents causes uncomfortable symptoms or complications, with uncomfortable symptoms defined by patients, such as typical symptoms of regurgitation and heartburn, which cause a reduction in quality of life. In this sense, early recognition of symptoms helps to prevent complications of the disease, such as Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. The objective of the clinical treatment is the relief of the symptoms and the surgical treatment is indicated for those who need continuous use of medication, with intolerance to prolonged clinical treatment and with complications. Final considerations: Upper digestive endoscopy and esophageal pH monitoring are sensitive diagnostic methods and clinical treatments help to control symptoms, but the biggest problem is keeping patients asymptomatic over time.